Tendon

Animal-derived tendon—most commonly from bovine or porcine sources—is used in medical devices where strong, collagen-rich, fibrous tissue is needed. Tendons have a highly aligned collagen structure that provides exceptional tensile strength, making them valuable in reconstructive, orthopaedic, and soft-tissue–repair applications. After harvesting, the tissue typically undergoes decellularisation and sterilisation processes to remove cellular material, minimise immunogenicity, and ensure consistent mechanical performance before being incorporated into a device.

Orthopaedic soft-tissue grafts

One of the primary uses of animal-derived tendon is in orthopaedic implants that mimic or replace human ligaments or tendons. Processed bovine or porcine tendon can be turned into collagen scaffolds used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair, rotator cuff augmentation, or reinforcement of other soft tissues. These grafts provide structural support while encouraging host tissue ingrowth and regeneration.

Surgical reinforcement and patches

Tendon-derived collagen sheets or strips are sometimes used as reinforcement materials in surgical patches. Their natural fibre alignment gives them excellent load-bearing properties, making them suitable for abdominal wall repair, hernia patches, and general soft-tissue reinforcement where high tensile strength is required.

Tissue-engineered scaffolds and regenerative medicine products

Animal tendons can be processed into decellularised collagen matrices or hydrogels used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. These materials support cell adhesion and guide organised tissue regeneration. In some advanced products, tendon collagen is used to create engineered ligament or tendon constructs, particularly in sports medicine applications.

Overall, animal tendon is used where high tensile strength, aligned collagen structure, and excellent tissue integration are critical. Its applications span orthopaedics, sports medicine, soft-tissue reinforcement, and regenerative medicine, supporting devices that benefit from the unique mechanical properties of naturally organised collagen.